Cyclodextrin and TiF4 Nanocomplex on Enamel Demineralization.

The aim of this study was to assess the effect of a newly developed nanocomplex formed of hydroxypropyl-b-cyclodextrin and 1% titanium tetrafluoride (TiF4) after distinct complexation periods (12/72 h) on demineralization of bovine enamel in vitro. Enamel blocks (n=60) were allocated in different groups: Mili-Q water, hydroxypropyl-b-cyclodextrin, 1% TiF4, hydroxypropyl-b-cyclodextrin + 1% TiF4 after 12 h of complexation and hydroxypropyl-b-cyclodextrin + 1% TiF4 after 72 h of complexation. The samples were evaluated by surface microhardness, cross-sectional microhardness and micro-CT. Scanning electron microscopy and energy dispersive X-ray spectrometry (SEM/EDX) were also obtained. Hydroxypropyl-b-cyclodextrin + 1% TiF4 after 12 h complexation resulted in lower percentage of surface microhardness loss compared to Mili-Q water, hydroxypropyl-b-cyclodextrin, 1% TiF4 and hydroxypropyl-b-cyclodextrin + 1% TiF4 after 72 h of complexation group, with a large effect size (from 1.307 to 2.943) and high power (84.9 to 99%). All groups resulted in similar integrated mineral loss (ΔZ) obtained by both internal microhardness and micro-CT techniques. Enamel treated with TiF4 and TiF4 + hydroxypropyl-b-cyclodextrin groups showed a TiO2 glaze-layer, while EDX evaluation identified Ti. The solution containing the inclusion complex of hydroxypropyl-b-cyclodextrin + TiF4 with 12 h of complexation period demonstrated a significant ability to reduce surface demineralization of sound enamel under an artificial cariogenic challenge.

Cyclodextrin and TIF4 nanocomplex on enamel demineralization

Abstract The aim of this study was to assess the effect of a newly developed nanocomplex formed of hydroxypropyl-b-cyclodextrin and 1% titanium tetrafluoride (TiF4) after distinct complexation periods (12/72 h) on demineralization of bovine enamel in vitro. Enamel blocks (n=60) were allocated in different groups: Mili-Q water, hydroxypropyl-b-cyclodextrin, 1% TiF4, hydroxypropyl-b-cyclodextrin + 1% TiF4 after 12 h of complexation and hydroxypropyl-b-cyclodextrin + 1% TiF4 after 72 h of complexation. The samples were evaluated by surface microhardness, cross-sectional microhardness and micro-CT. Scanning electron microscopy and energy dispersive X-ray spectrometry (SEM/EDX) were also obtained. Hydroxypropyl-b-cyclodextrin + 1% TiF4 after 12 h complexation resulted in lower percentage of surface microhardness loss compared to Mili-Q water, hydroxypropyl-b-cyclodextrin, 1% TiF4 and hydroxypropyl-b-cyclodextrin + 1% TiF4 after 72 h of complexation group, with a large effect size (from 1.307 to 2.943) and high power (84.9 to 99%). All groups resulted in similar integrated mineral loss (ΔZ) obtained by both internal microhardness and micro-CT techniques. Enamel treated with TiF4 and TiF4 + hydroxypropyl-b-cyclodextrin groups showed a TiO2 glaze-layer, while EDX evaluation identified Ti. The solution containing the inclusion complex of hydroxypropyl-b-cyclodextrin + TiF4 with 12 h of complexation period demonstrated a significant ability to reduce surface demineralization of sound enamel under an artificial cariogenic challenge.

Resumo O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar o efeito da 1-etil-3- (3-dimetilaminopropil) carbodiimida (EDC) na resistência de união de pinos de fibra de vidro em canais radiculares obturados com diferentes cimentos endodônticos. Setenta e oito pré-molares inferiores foram obturados com três cimentos endodônticos (n=26): Endofill (END), AH Plus (AHP) e Endosequence BC Sealer (EBS). Após o preparo do espaço para pino, dois subgrupos formaram-se conforme a cimentação dos pinos (n=13): com EDC e sem EDC (controle - CON). Os espécimes foram submetidos ao teste pull-out, classificação do modo de falha e avaliação da superfície do canal radicular por microscopia eletrônica de varredura após o deslocamento. Quanto à força de resistência de união, uma diferença estatisticamente significativa ocorreu entre os subgrupos EDC e CON apenas no END (p=0,001). Não foi detectada diferença entre os subgrupos CON (p=0,339). Contudo, no subgrupo EDC, o AHP apresentou maiores valores (END versus AHP: p=0,001; AHP versus EBS: p=0,016). Acerca da classificação dos modos de falha, o escore 1 (≥50% de cimento) foi o mais comumente observado, exceto para END + EDC. Restos de cimentos endodônticos e cimentos resinosos foram encontrados no terço cervical, mas sem diferença estatística (p=0,269), enquanto no terço médio, houve diferença (p=0,004). Em conclusão, o EDC diminui a resistência de união quando associado ao cimento END, sem alterar o modo de falha entre o cimento resinoso e o pino de fibra de vidro. O melhor desempenho foi observado quanto o EDC foi usado com o cimento AHP.

Characterization and effect of nanocomplexed fluoride solutions on the inhibition of enamel demineralization created by a multispecies cariogenic biofilm model.

OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study was to assess the in vitro caries preventive effect of nanocomplexed solutions of hydroxypropyl-ß-cyclodextrin and γ-cyclodextrin associated with titanium tetrafluoride (TiF4) after different complexation times (12 or 72 h). MATERIALS AND METHODS: Enamel blocks were randomly distributed in 9 groups (n = 11): negative control, hydroxypropyl-ß-cyclodextrin, γ-cyclodextrin, TiF4, hydroxypropyl-ß-cyclodextrin:TiF4 12 h, hydroxypropyl-ß-cyclodextrin:TiF4 72 h, γ-cyclodextrin:TiF4 12 h, γ-cyclodextrin:TiF4 72 h, and NaF (positive control). The solutions were applied for 1 min and the blocks were exposed to a biofilm model. Nanocompounds were characterized by differential scanning calorimetry and X-ray powder diffraction. The percentage of surface microhardness loss (%SML), mineral density changes (ΔZ), lesion depth, surface morphology (scanning electron microscopy-SEM), and chemical characterization (energy-dispersive spectroscopy-EDS) were assessed. RESULTS: No oxidation was observed, and the formation of the nanocomplexes was evidenced by changes in the melting point compared to pure cyclodextrins and the loss of crystallinity of the materials. Hydroxypropyl-ß-cyclodextrin:TiF4 72 h resulted in lower %SML than negative control, hydroxypropyl-ß-cyclodextrin, γ-cyclodextrin, and TiF4 (p < 0.05). NaF differed from all groups (p < 0.05), except for hydroxypropyl-ß-cyclodextrin:TiF4 72 h (p = 0.83). ΔZ of hydroxypropyl-ß-cyclodextrin:TiF4 72 h was higher than negative control, hydroxypropyl-ß-cyclodextrin, γ-cyclodextrin, γ-cyclodextrin:TiF4 1 2 h, γ-cyclodextrin:TiF4 72 h, and NaF (p < 0.05) and similar to TiF4 and hydroxypropyl-ß-cyclodextrin:TiF4 12 h (p > 0.05). SEM/EDS detected Ti in the blocks subjected to TiF4-products. CONCLUSION: The hydroxypropyl-ß-cyclodextrin:TiF4 72 h solution showed caries preventive effect on the surface and subsurface of the enamel. CLINICAL RELEVANCE: A hydroxypropyl-ß-cyclodextrin nanosystem, in association with TiF4 after 72 h of complexation, may be a promising agent for the prevention of enamel demineralization.

Avaliação da qualidade de vida e nível de satisfação do usuário da rede de atenção especializada com o tratamento endodôntico no município de João Pessoa, Paraíba, Brasil, 2009. / Evaluation of quality of life and level of user satisfaction of network of specialized care with the endodontic treatment in the municipality of João Pessoa, Paraíba, Brazil, 2009.

Objetivo: Avaliar a qualidade de vida e nível de satisfação do usuário da rede de atenção especializada com o tratamento endodôntico no município de João Pessoa, Paraíba. Material e método: 111 pacientes foram consultados mediante um questionário sobre qualidade de vida (OHIP-17), além de uma escala de satisfação, relacionados ao tratamento endodôntico recebido. As informações analisadas por meio do programa SAS (9.1.3), usando Teste Qui-Quadrado (p< 0,1). Resultados: Observou- -se que as repercussões de caráter psicológico foram as mais frequentemente relatadas, seguidas pelas dificuldades física e social. Quanto à satisfação, a pior nota foi atribuída à estética obtida ao final do tratamento, no entanto a média geral para a satisfação com o tratamento foi de 8,63. Conclusão: O tratamento endodôntico interferiu na qualidade de vida dos pacientes na medida em que comprometeu o bem estar, no entanto, houve satisfação dos mesmos com o tratamento endodôntico recebido junto ao serviço público de endodontia disponibilizado.

Objective: To evaluate the quality of life and level user satisfaction level of network of specialized care with endodontic treatment in the municipality of João Pessoa, Paraíba. Material and method: 111 patients were consulted by means of a questionnaire about quality of life (OHIP-17), in addition to a scale of satisfaction, in related to endodontic treatment received. The informations were tabulated and analyzed through the SAS program (9.1.3), using Chi-square test (p < 0.1). Results: It was observed that the impact of psychological character were the most frequently reported, followed by physical and social difficulties. As to satisfaction, the worst note was assigned to aesthetics retrieved at the end of treatment, however the overall average for satisfaction with the treatment was 8.63. Conclusion: The endodontic treatment interfered in the patient's quality of life to the extent that compromised the well-being, however, there was satisfaction with the endodontic treatment received by the public service of endodontic disponibilized.

In vitro antimicrobial activity of mouth washes and herbal products against dental biofilm-forming bacteria.

AIM: To evaluate in vitro, the antimicrobial effect of Cymbopogon citrates (lemon grass), Plectranthusamboinicus (Mexican mint) and Conyzabonariensis (hairy fleabane) tinctures as well as pure and diluted commercial mouth washes (Malvatricin(®), Periogard(®) and Listerine(®)) on wild isolates of Streptococcusmutans and reference strains of S. mutans, Streptococcus salivarius, Streptococcus oralis and Lactobacillus casei by determination of minimum inhibitory dilution (MID). MATERIALS AND METHODS: 0.12% chlorhexidine and 70% corn alcohol were used as positive and negative controls, respectively. Saliva samples were collected from 3 volunteers and seeded in MSB broth to obtain Streptococcus isolates after 72-hour incubation. Using the agar diffusion method, susceptibility tests were performed with overnight incubation in microaerophilia at 37°C. All tests were performed in duplicate. RESULTS: The bacterial species were resistant to the tinctures and Listerine(®), but were susceptible to 0.12% chlorhexidine, Malvatricin(®) and Periogard(®), with MIDs ranging from 12.5% to 1.56%. CONCLUSIONS: Plectrantusamboinicus, Conyzabonariensis and Cymbopongoncitratus tinctures and Listerine(®) did not show inhibitory action against the tested biofilm-forming bacteria.

In vitro antibacterial activity of silver diamine fluoride in different concentrations.

The antibacterial activity of Silver Diamine Fluoride - SDF -(Cariestop), at commercial concentrations of 12% and 30%, was evaluated against clinical and pattern strains (ATCC 25175) of S. mutans. Clinical isolates were obtained from the saliva of six children attending the Pediatric Dentistry Clinic UFPB, being grouped as follows: GI- low risk and caries activity, GII- high risk and caries activity. Once sown, the strains were isolated from Mitis-Salivarius Agar and divided into seven groups - M1 (pattern strain) to M7. The antibacterial activity was determined by maximum inhibitory dilution (MID) by the agar diffusion method, using serial dilutions (1:1 to 1:32) and the pure formulations of SDF and chlorhexidine 0.12% (positive control). After incubation, the inhibition zones were measured. The bactericidal and bacteriostatic actions of pure substances and in their respective MIDs were evaluated by test of germicidal power using glass specimens, after inoculation by the strains and incubation for 24 hours in BHI broth. Each specimen was exposed to chlorhexidine and to SDF for 30s, 3min, 30min and 1h, then incubated for 24 h in BHI broth. The samples were subcultured in Mitis-Salivarius Agar to evaluate the bactericidal or bacteriostatic activity of the substances. The data were analyzed in a comparative-descriptive method. The Cariestop 30% was effective until the last dilution (1:32) on all strains. For Cariestop 12%, the MIDs corresponded to last dilution (1:32) in almost all samples, except for M3 (1:8). Chlorhexidine showed DIM in the last concentrations (1:32) on five samples, and in the concentration 1:8 for M3 and M7. As evidence of the germicidal power the substances had bactericidal activity at all times analyzed. It was concluded that the cariostatic showed antibacterial activity when compared to chlorhexidine and these two substances presented bactericidal action against the strains at all contact times.